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For
over 200 years Birmingham's Jewellery Quarter has been the home of some
of the worlds most highly skilled goldsmiths and jewellery makers. The
advent of shops opening to the public is a recent phenomenon, with the
majority of retail outlets springing up since the 1970's. And now the
area is widely known as a place for both the trade and public to browse
and buy the finest products at the keenest prices.
Tradesmen
worked from home, or in small workshops, and on the whole specialised
in a particular craft. Many of these specialist craft and services complimented
each other, strengthening the sense of community in the area and fostering
a national and international respect for the indsutry in the area.
By
1861 over 7,000 people were engaged in the jewellery trade. The local
jewellery industry grew out of the areas toy trade. At that time the
toy trade included the manufacture of a wide range of small items made
from steel, such as buttons, buckles and brooches and various trinkets.
The nineteenth century saw a shift towards the manufacture of jewellery
and buttons in the area.
The
gold rushes in 19th century USA and Australia led to an increase in
the supply and demand for jewellery with the Birmingham Assay Office
being granted permission to hallmark goldware from 1824.
As
trade flourished, so the area developed with new streets, large residential
properties built for manufacturers and the well-off, plus more and more
terraces from which many of the tradesmen worked and/or lived in. The
magnificent and compelling dwellings, workplaces, streets and alleyways
which help to make the area such a magnet for visitors derives from
this expansion of industry and craft.
Less
than 100 years ago up to 20,000 people were employed in the industry.
Since the post-war recession of the 1940's and 1950's however employment
levels have fallen and stand at around 4,000 currently.
For
two centuries the Jewellery Quarter existed as a trade and manufacturing
area. The advent of shops opening to the public is a recent phenomenon,
with the majority of retail outlets springing up since the 1970's. And
now the area is widely known as a place for both the trade and public
to browse and buy the finest jewellery products at the keenest prices.
The
Birmingham Mint From 1786 to 1850 Matthew Boulton's mint operated in
the area. The minting of coins was then continued after the Heaton company
succeeded Boulton's operation. In 1860 the Birmingham Mint succeeded
the Heaton operation and is still active in Icknield Street.
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